Stop comparing things to Angkor Wat
The Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsletter for 24 - 30 June 2024
Xin chào, and welcome to this week's edition of Southeast Asian Archaeology, where we bring you the latest news from this diverse and historically rich region. The highlight this week is the discovery of a stucco Buddha image in Bukit Choras, located in the Bujang Valley. This 7-8th century CE artifact was revealed at a media conference, drawing significant attention to the region’s Hindu-Buddhist past. The Buddha’s remarkable preservation offers new insights into the historical religious dynamics of the area.
This discovery challenges the prevailing political narrative that often prioritizes one ethnoreligious group, making it a refreshing and significant find. Historically, research in the Bujang Valley has focused on the iron industry (and its contentious dating), with some excavations uncovering brick structures resembling stupa bases. The prominent announcement of the Buddha image could signal a shift towards more comprehensive research into the region's religious history.
A recurring theme in media coverage is the assertion that the Bujang Valley is older than Angkor Wat. This comparison is misleading and unhelpful. I must admit, I contributed to this narrative back in 2007 when I used Angkor Wat as a reference point to introduce the Bujang Valley. While it served as a useful introduction then, it’s time to move beyond this simplistic comparison. Firstly, we have a much deeper understanding of Angkor Wat’s history, archaeology, population, and rulers than we do of the Bujang Valley. Secondly, in the grand scheme of ancient monuments in Southeast Asia, Angkor Wat is not particularly old. Wouldn’t it make more sense to compare Bukit Choras and the Bujang Valley to other historical sites in Malaysia, such as Beruas, or Santubong, which are both contemporaneous? Thirdly, Angkor Wat is an artistic and architectural masterpiece, whereas the Bukit Choras find is a single Buddha image. Comparing these two sites does a disservice to both. Let’s focus on more appropriate comparisons within the region like Oc Eo, Sambor Prei Kuk, Srivijaya, and Dvaravati, to name a few - which would help us understand the nature of religious dynamics in the first millennium CE.
That’s my morning rant. Congratulations to Dr. Nasha and the team from USM for the discovery, and looking forward to the research papers to come. More stories listed below, and for my supporters, look out for this month’s edition of the Rojak later in the week where I curate stories that are not about Southeast Asia or archaeology, but kinda are. If you want to access the Rojak and also the full archive of newsletters, you can do so by buying me a coffee.
And now, on to the news:
Contents
The Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsletter and Website is supported in part by many generous readers, colleagues and friends. You can support by upgrading to a paid subscription, or by buying me a coffee.
Highlights of the Week
In no particular order, here are five of the most popular stories from this week:
Bukit Choras Yields Life-Size Buddha Relic
via various sources, 26 June 2024: Researchers from Universiti Sains Malaysia have unearthed a nearly complete life-size Buddha statue at the Bukit Choras temple in Kedah. The statue, dating back to the 7th or 8th century highlighting the historical and religious significance of the site, but also raises political undertones in Malaysia over “who” was “here” “first” and what it means for racial and religious relations in the country.
Remembering Roderick Orlina and his Contributions to Southeast Asian Epigraphy
via SEALG, 25 June 2024: Dr. Annabel Gallop writes an obituary for Roderick Orlina (1976-2023), a notable scholar in Southeast Asian epigraphy, is remembered for his scholarly generosity and talent in uncovering primary sources.
Palawan Burial Jar Lid Returned to Philippines from Iowa
via various sources, 27 June 2024: A limestone burial jar lid from Brooke’s Point, Palawan, has been repatriated to the Philippines from Iowa, USA. Donated by Donald Thomas to the Madison County Historical Society in the 1960s, the artifact was returned through the efforts of the Philippine Consulate General in Chicago and is now with the National Museum of the Philippines.
[Podcast] What happened to Thailand’s Ban Chiang relics? Plus Judy Watson’s life of art
via ABC Radio, 26 June 2024: The first half of this radio program features an interview with Dr Melody Rod-ari on the history of Ban Chiang, how their artefacts spread to museums across the world, and the efforts to repatriate them – or not.
Preservation Challenges for Vietnam’s National Treasures
via Viet Nam News, 23 June 2024: Vietnam’s national treasures, including ancient artefacts of historical, cultural, and scientific significance, face severe preservation challenges due to inadequate funding, poor facilities, and lack of proper storage. Museums like the Hà Tĩnh Provincial Museum struggle with insufficient resources, risking the deterioration of these invaluable relics.
Featured Books and Recommendations - World Heritage Sites
[Back to Contents]
Some of the links below are affiliate links which mean I may get a commission if you click on them and make a purchase.
UNESCO in Southeast Asia: World Heritage Sites in Comparative Perspective by Victor T. King
Discovering Vietnam’s Ancient Capital: The Archaeology and History of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long-Hanoi by Andrew Hardy and Tien Ðông Nguyen (eds.)
Angkor Cities and Temples by Claude Jacques and Michael Freeman
Ancient Capitals of Thailand by Elizabeth H. Moore, Philip Stott, Suriyavudh Sukhasvasti and Michael Freeman
Ancient Luang Prabang & Laos by Denise Heywood
New Research
[Back to Contents]
If you have a newly-published paper that you wish to publicise, contact me and I’ll add it into the next newsletter.
via Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 23 June 2024: Researchers have investigated the Bidong shipwreck in Malaysia, identifying it as a vessel from the 16th century based on wood samples and Thai ceramics found at the site. The study, analyzing wood anatomy and DNA, revealed the ship was made from tropical trees common in the Malay Archipelago. Artefacts suggest the ship transported Thai ceramics, highlighting its route along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the Age of Sail.
Upcoming Events
[Back to Contents]
Contact me if you have an event, public lecture or job posting that you want to publicise.
05 July 2024: Thinking with the Andayas: Histories of (Southeast) Asia in Motion (Singapore and Online)
08 July 2024: European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists (Paris, France)
10 July 2024: Beyond Heavy Metal: Revisiting the Bronze Age Economics of the Tin and Copper Belt of Zomia (Taipei, Taiwan)
11 July 2024: Buddhist Landscapes: Art and Archaeology of the Khorat Plateau, 7th to 11th Centuries (Bangkok, Thailand)
12 July 2024: A Phenomenology of Landscape of the Khorat Plateau: an exploration of Buddhist hill and mountaintop sites (Bangkok, Thailand)
16 July 2024: Exploring the Buddhist Landscapes of the Khorat Plateau in the 7th to 11th Centuries (Singapore)
24 July 2024: Anchored in History: Unveiling Singapore’s Early Maritime Links with China in the 7th Century (Singapore)
12-13 September 2024: ASEAN Museum Forum 2024 (Bangkok, Thailand)
23-26 September 2024: International Forum on the Spice Route (Jakarta, Indonesia)
Brunei
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of Brunei]
Royal Regalia Museum: Brunei’s Royal Heritage
via The Freeman, 26 June 2024: A Filipino perspective on Brunei’s Royal Regalia Museum showcases the nation’s royal heritage, including gifts from world leaders. Notable items from the Philippines highlight cultural ties, and genealogical research reveals connections between Filipino and Bruneian royalty.
Cambodia
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of Cambodia]
APSARA National Authority Restores Neak Poan Temple’s Stairs
via various sources, 27 June 2024: The APSARA National Authority is restoring the stairs and floors of Neak Poan Temple in Angkor Archaeological Park, Siem Reap. Starting in May 2024, the project aims to repair damage caused by erosion and water seepage, ensuring the preservation of this historical site for future generations.
Restored Artefacts Returned to Ta Nei Temple
via Khmer Times, 26 June 2024: The Angkor Heritage Protection Police, in cooperation with the Apsara National Authority, have returned five restored stone artefacts to Ta Nei Temple. The artefacts, found by a Japanese restoration team, were researched and restored by the ANA before being reinstalled at the temple. Built in the late 12th and early 13th centuries under King Jayavarman VII, Ta Nei Temple is currently under renovation and accessible only by foot or bicycle.
Cambodia Champions Cultural Heritage at International Conference
via Khmer Times, 26 June 2024: Cambodia emphasized its commitment to heritage protection and conservation during the 2nd council meeting of the Alliance for Cultural Heritage in Asia in China. The Cambodian delegation highlighted efforts to combat illicit trafficking and repatriate cultural artifacts, showcasing the country’s dedication to preserving its rich cultural heritage and collaborating with international partners.
Restoration Efforts at 9th Century Lolei Temple
via Khmer Times, 04 June 2024: Technicians from the APSARA National Authority are repairing the lower structure of the 9th-century Lolei Temple, addressing dilapidation in the southwestern and northwestern areas. The work involves collecting and reassembling decayed bricks and sealing cracks, part of ongoing conservation efforts to preserve this sacred site dedicated to God Shiva.
Indonesia
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of Indonesia]
Joint Study of Southeast Asian Celestial Heritage
via Asia Today, 21 June 2024: The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and the Thai government are collaborating to explore the celestial traditions of the Lanna and Syailendra cultures. This joint effort, involving various universities, focuses on archaeoastronomy and ethnoastronomy, studying how celestial bodies influenced cultural objects and traditions in both nations. Research activities include measurements and seminars at major Indonesian temples like Prambanan and Borobudur during the summer solstice.
Malaysia
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of Malaysia]
Malaysia’s Pusaka Honored by Unesco for Cultural Contributions
via Malay Mail, 26 June 2024: Malaysian cultural organization Pusaka has received Unesco accreditation for its decades-long efforts in preserving intangible cultural heritage. Founded by Eddin Khoo in 2002, Pusaka collaborates closely with traditional performers and aims to enhance cultural sustainability in Malaysia.
via Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 23 June 2024: Researchers have investigated the Bidong shipwreck in Malaysia, identifying it as a vessel from the 16th century based on wood samples and Thai ceramics found at the site. The study, analyzing wood anatomy and DNA, revealed the ship was made from tropical trees common in the Malay Archipelago. Artefacts suggest the ship transported Thai ceramics, highlighting its route along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the Age of Sail.
Bukit Choras Yields Life-Size Buddha Relic
via various sources, 26 June 2024: Researchers from Universiti Sains Malaysia have unearthed a nearly complete life-size Buddha statue at the Bukit Choras temple in Kedah. The statue, dating back to the 7th or 8th century highlighting the historical and religious significance of the site, but also raises political undertones in Malaysia over “who” was “here” “first” and what it means for racial and religious relations in the country.
Dayak Foundation to Manage Historic Brooke-Era Forts
via Malay Mail, 24 June 2024: Sarawak’s Premier Tan Sri Abang Johari Openg approved the Dayak Cultural Foundation to manage Fort Lily and Fort Sylvia as cultural heritage centers. These Brooke-era forts will exhibit Iban cultural heritage and artifacts, with plans to use interactive technology.
Melaka Exhibition Celebrates Hang Tuah, Attracts 10,000 Visitors
via The Star, 24 June 2024: The Hang Tuah exhibition at the Melaka International Trade Centre has attracted nearly 10,000 visitors since opening on June 10. The exhibition features artifacts and manuscripts from various countries, showcasing the life and legacy of the legendary Malay warrior Hang Tuah. This event, part of the Melaka Visit Year 2024 campaign, aims to revive Melaka’s history and engage the younger generation in its rich cultural heritage. As you may recall, there was some controversy last month when historians questioned the authenticity of some of the artefacts displayed as being personally linked to Hang Tuah.
Philippines
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of the Philippines]
Palawan Burial Jar Lid Returned to Philippines from Iowa
via various sources, 27 June 2024: A limestone burial jar lid from Brooke’s Point, Palawan, has been repatriated to the Philippines from Iowa, USA. Donated by Donald Thomas to the Madison County Historical Society in the 1960s, the artifact was returned through the efforts of the Philippine Consulate General in Chicago and is now with the National Museum of the Philippines.
Iloilo City Approves Excavation at Historic Fort San Pedro
via PNA, 26 June 2024: Iloilo City has approved an agreement with the National Museum of the Philippines to conduct excavation and restoration at Fort San Pedro, aiming to uncover its original foundations.
Royal Regalia Museum: Brunei’s Royal Heritage
via The Freeman, 26 June 2024: A Filipino perspective on Brunei’s Royal Regalia Museum showcases the nation’s royal heritage, including gifts from world leaders. Notable items from the Philippines highlight cultural ties, and genealogical research reveals connections between Filipino and Bruneian royalty.
Caysasay Church in Taal Declared National Cultural Treasure
via various sources, 25 June 2024: The Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Caysasay in Taal, Batangas, has been declared a National Cultural Treasure and National Historical Landmark. This recognition follows extensive restoration work by the National Museum of the Philippines, completed on June 20.
Remembering Roderick Orlina and his Contributions to Southeast Asian Epigraphy
via SEALG, 25 June 2024: Dr. Annabel Gallop writes an obituary for Roderick Orlina (1976-2023), a notable scholar in Southeast Asian epigraphy, is remembered for his scholarly generosity and talent in uncovering primary sources.
1881 Bugasong Bell Tower Set for Landmark Status
via various source, 25 June 2024: The Antique provincial board is deliberating the declaration of Bugasong’s 1881 Roman Catholic Church bell tower as a historical landmark and cultural heritage site. The ordinance highlights the tower’s resilience through World War II and its significance to local heritage. The declaration aims to enhance awareness and conservation of the bell tower, pending final approval on July 1.
Kalinga Museum Project to Start Soon Pending Funds
via Baguio Herald, 23 June 2024: The establishment of the Kalinga Museum awaits a PhP150 million budget from the National Commission on Culture and the Arts. Envisioned by Republic Act 11770, the museum will promote and preserve the cultural heritage of Kalinga. The provincial government has identified the site, and preparations are underway, with the aim to house diverse collections of Kalinga’s cultural, historical, and artistic legacies.
Singapore
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of Singapore]
[Talk] Anchored in History: Unveiling Singapore’s Early Maritime Links with China in the 7th Century
Readers may be interested in this talk by Dr. Tai Yew Seng in Singapore on 25 July 2024.
Thailand
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of Thailand]
[Podcast] What happened to Thailand’s Ban Chiang relics? Plus Judy Watson’s life of art
via ABC Radio, 26 June 2024: The first half of this radio program features an interview with Dr Melody Rod-ari on the history of Ban Chiang, how their artefacts spread to museums across the world, and the efforts to repatriate them – or not.
Unearthing Secrets at Pang Mapha’s Ban Rai Cliff Shelter
via the101world, 24 June 2024: The Ban Rai cliff shelter in Pang Mapha District, Mae Hong Son Province, reveals significant prehistoric discoveries, including ancient wooden coffins and human skeletons. Led by Prof. Rasmi Shoocongdej, the Highland Archaeology Project highlights the area’s rich cultural history, dating back over 9,000 years, and its vital role in understanding early human settlements in Southeast Asia.
Joint Study of Southeast Asian Celestial Heritage
via Asia Today, 21 June 2024: The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and the Thai government are collaborating to explore the celestial traditions of the Lanna and Syailendra cultures. This joint effort, involving various universities, focuses on archaeoastronomy and ethnoastronomy, studying how celestial bodies influenced cultural objects and traditions in both nations. Research activities include measurements and seminars at major Indonesian temples like Prambanan and Borobudur during the summer solstice.
Vietnam
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of Vietnam]
Tra Vinh’s Oc Eo Gold Sheets Recognized as National Treasures
via Vietnam Net, 15 June 2024: The Chau Thanh and Tra Vinh gold sheets, discovered at Lo Gach Pagoda in 2014, has been recognized as national treasures. These gold sheets, dating back to the 7th-9th centuries and linked to the Oc Eo culture, are valuable for studying local characteristics, Buddhism, and cultural exchanges. The artifacts are displayed at Tra Vinh Museum and reflect the craftsmanship and socio-economic development of the southern region during the late Oc Eo period.
Preservation Challenges for Vietnam’s National Treasures
via Viet Nam News, 23 June 2024: Vietnam’s national treasures, including ancient artefacts of historical, cultural, and scientific significance, face severe preservation challenges due to inadequate funding, poor facilities, and lack of proper storage. Museums like the Hà Tĩnh Provincial Museum struggle with insufficient resources, risking the deterioration of these invaluable relics.
Protecting Quang Nam’s Ancient Road in My Son
via Vietnam Plus, 22 June 2024: The Management Board of My Son Sanctuary, in collaboration with the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences’ Institute of Archaeology, has developed a preservation plan for the ancient road leading to the K Tower. The plan addresses threats from human activity and weather, proposing scientific solutions to protect this significant pathway, used by the ancient Cham people for religious ceremonies.
Peripheral Southeast Asia
[Back to Contents] [Archaeology of ‘Peripheral’ Southeast Asia]
Advanced Tech Unearths Hidden Treasures in Hainan Waters
via various sources, 24 June 2024: Two Ming Dynasty shipwrecks off the coast of Hainan, discovered in October 2022, have yielded over 100,000 cultural artifacts, including porcelain, pottery, and bronze. Using state-of-the-art technology, researchers are documenting and preserving these relics, which shed light on China’s maritime history and ancient trade routes. The artifacts will be displayed at the Hainan Museum of the South China Sea.
Thanks for your morning rant! Here's mine: when will people ever figure out the difference between Angkor and Angkor Wat? Even well-informed people, such as journalists for the New York Times?
upgraded to paid unable to sign in. tried "forgot password" but it doesn't give me a temporary or other means to sign in. Also, when I click on any link (previously free newsletter reader) it doesn't take me to any site but has a page of miscellany which is overprinted and unreadable. Help!